Derivatives of 5-amino-1,3-dioxanes and method of making same



Patented Sept. 11, 1945 DERIVATIVES F s-AMlnoeiga-moxnncs AND METHOD or MAKING SAME I Melvin De Groote, Universityfiity, Mo., assignor to Petrolite Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application December 1943, Serial No. 513,781. Dividedand this application July 26, 1944, Serial No. 546,746

9 Clain'1s. (c1. 260'338) I 1 i This invention relates to a new chemical'prodnot or compound and to the manufacture-pi same, my present application. being a division of my pending application Serial No. 513,781,

filed December 10, 1943. This application is now Patent No. 2,375,536, issued May 8, 1945.- v

One object of my invention is to provide anew chemical product or compound, that is; particularly adapted for use as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions, but which is also capable of various other uses.

Another object of my invention is to provide a practicable method for manufacturing saidnew chemical productorcompound.

Demulsification, as contemplated in theipresent application, includes the preventive step. of commingling the demulsifier with an aqueous component, which would or might subsequently become either phase of the emulsion, in absence of such precautionary measure. V

Although one of the primaryobjects-of ,my in-v vention is to provide a new compound or composition of matter, that .isan efiicient demulsiher for .crude oil emulsions ofthe water-in-oil type, said new compound or compositionof matter has other uses, as hereinafter explained.

The. compounds herein contemplated as such, and particularly as demulsifiers, consist'of here inafter. described jacylated and oxyalkylated derivatives .of 5-amino-1,3-dioxanes having the structural formula:.

, L i Where R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alpha-hydroxyalkyl, R is a memberof the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, and furyl. Chemical products or compounds of the kind above referred to are obtained by acylation and oxyalkylation. The acyl group can b introduced as part of an amido radical, or as part of an ester radical, and is obtained from a monocarboxy acid or equivalent having an acyl radical containing an unbroken chainof at least 8 carbon atoms. In other words, such acyl radical may appear as an amide radical, or as an acyloxy radical. For example, an aminodioxane of the type previously described may be reacted with a, higher fatty acid so as to form an amide. The amide so obtained may be subjected to oxyalkylation, particularlyoxyethylation. Similarly, the amide may be subjected to oxyalkylation first, and then.to .acylationafterwards Obviously, one can also prepare; a type of compound having. morejthan onehigh molal acyl radical present; and for that vma tter, one of such acyl radicals may b present inthe ester form and the other in the amido tormg f As'to the manufacture of 'aminodioxa'nes which are one class of the reactants employed in the manufacture of the herein contemplated," nevi compositions of matter, reference is made toU; 5. Patent No. 2,247,256, dated June 24, 1941,. to Senkus, and to U. S. PatentjNo. 2,317,555, dated April 27, 1943, to Robinette. It is a matter of common knowledge that aminodioxanes aremade by condensing a ,nitroglycol with an aldehyde and reducing. the condensation product. .The

synthesis of such compounds is demonstrated by .the-iollowing reactions:

H2 I 1' onion-r i-omon none v Formaldehyde 2-nitro-2-ethyl- 1 1 ,3-propanediol CHa (3112 ca h-cm {inc "1&0:

rfi-nitro-fiethyhlfl l-dioxane onion, r 7 C'Hr- ;C H2 i 2). +3Hi NHi mac 1 t --cHi 5-amino-5-ethy1-l,3-dioxane It is well known that certain monocarboxy organic acids containing an unbroken chain of eight carbon atoms or more, and not more'than 32 carbon atoms, are characterized by the fact that they combine with alkalies to produce soap or soap-like materials. These detergent-forming acids include fatty acids, resin acids, petroleum acids, etc. For the sake of convenience, these acids will be indicated by the formula R COOH. Certain derivatives of detergent-forming acids react with alkali to produce soap or soap-like materials, and are the obvious equivalent of the unchanged or unmodified detergent-forming acids; for instance, insteadof fatty acids, one might employ the chlorinated fatty acids. Instead of the resin acids, one might employ the hydrogenatedresin acids. Instead of naphthenic acids, one might employ brominated naphthenic acids, etc.

The fatty acids are of the type commonly referred to as higher fatty acids; and of course, this is also true in regard to derivatives of the kind indicated, insofar that such derivatives are obtained from higher fatty acids. The petroleum acids include not only naturally-occurring naphing carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide in the presence of hydrogen or an olefine with steam, or by causing a metallic alkoxide or a halogenated hydrocarbon to react with chloroacetic acid, or with potassium cyanide, and saponifying the "product obtained. Such products ormixtures thereof, having at least 8 and not more-than 32 carbon atoms'and having at least one 'carboxy group or the equivalentithereof, are as suitable for use'as the conventional detergent-forming monocarboxy acids, and another analogous class equally suitable, is the mixture of carboxylic acids obtained by the alkali treatment of alcohols of high molecular weight formed in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Although any of the high mola] monocarboxy acids can be converted into esters, amides or esteramidesof the kind described, by conventional procedurait is my preferehceto employ com pounds derived from higher fatty acids; rather than petroleum acids, rosin acids, and the like. I have found that by far the most effective demulsifying agents are obtained from unsaturated fatty acids havin 18 carbon atoms. Such unsaturated fatty acids, include the higher fatty acids, such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc. One may employ mixed fatty acids, as, for example, the fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of cottonseed oil, soyabean oil, corn oil,etc. The material, product or compound that I prefer to use as the demulsifier in practising my herein described process for resolving petroleum emulsions, is obtained from unsaturated fatty acids, and more specifically, unsaturated fatty acids, containing a hydroxyl radical or unsaturated-fatty acids which have been subjected to oxidation.

Previous attention has been directed to the fact that one class o'f'reactants included the aminodi+ oxanes. Some of the aminodioxanes may contain a hydroxy hydrocarbon radical susceptible to oxyalkylation.

As examples of the -amino-1,3-dioxanes which may be included are the 2-phenyl-5-amino-1,3- dioxanes, the 2- (3-heptyl) -5-amino-l,3-dioxanes, and the 2'-propyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxanes, which have the following structural formulas:

Such acids may have For instance, see

wherein R may represent hydrogen, alkyl, or alpha-hydroxy-alkyl, and R may be either hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or furyl.

As to aminodioxanes containing a hydroxyalkyl group, and particularlya hydroxymethyl group, reference is made to the substituted 1,3-dioxanes, which may be represented by the following formula:

wherein R represents an alkyl group, and particularly one having at least five carbon atoms.

5-amino-2-(3-amyl) 5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane 5-amino-2-hexyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane 5-amino-2 -(3-heptyl) 5-hydroxymethyl -1,3-dioxane 2-propyl-5 hydroxy-methyl-fi-amino-1,3-dioxane 2-propyl-5-methy1-5 amino-1,3-dioxane 2-(3-heptyl) -5-methyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane o 2-phenyl-5-methyl-5-aminoPl,3-dioxane 5-ethyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane.

' The oxyalkylation of compounds having a labile hydrogenatomis a well known procedure. For instance'the procedure ofsubjecting amines, amides, phenols, 'or alcohols tothe action of an oxyalkylating agent, soas to introduce a repetitious. ether linkage between the oxygen atom or nitrogen atom sand. the labile hydrogen atom is well known. -In view of what is said hereinafter, it is obvious that the oxyalkylation of the 5-amino-1,3-dioxanes, or the amide derived therefrom, is simply a subgeneric aspect of the well known methods which contemplate oxyalkylation of amines, amides and alcohols, regardless of source or chemical structure. V

*Oxyalkylating agents are those containing a reactive ethylene oxide ring. As typical examples of applicable compounds may be mentioned epichlorhydrin, glycid alcohol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene-2-oxide, butene-l-oxide, isobutylene oxide, butadiene oxide, butadiene dioxide, chloroprene oxide, isoprene oxide, decene oxide, styrene oxide, cyclohexylene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, etc. I particularly prefer to employ oxyalkylating agents having 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, glycid and methylglycid. My particularly preferred oxyalkylating agent is ethylene oxide.

Other, halogenated epoxides which are the functional equivalents of epichlorhydrin are described in U. S. Patent No. 2,321,037, dated June 8, 1943, to Marple &'Evans.: For the' sake of brevity, subsequent examples are concerned largely with derivatives 7 in which the high molal acyl radical is derived from higher fattyacids. Attention is directed to the prior description of other equally suitable high molal acids. 7 I AMInn Example 1 1 pound mole of Z-propyl-5-hydroxy-methy1-5- amino 'LZl-dioxane is reacted with lpound mole of ricinoleic acid, or a suitable equivalent, such as 1 pound mole of ethyl ricinoleate" or one-third pound mole of triricinolein, so as, to produce'the corresponding amide. The reaction between the amide and the acid is conducted in the conventional manner. The two reactants are mixed together at a temperature above the boiling point of water, which expedites the removal of water of reaction. The elimination of water is hastened by constant stirring during the period of reac tion. Reaction takes place at comparatively low temperatures, for instance, 130-145'C., and is expedited at high temperatures, for instance, 160-180" C. In absence of pyrolysis, and especially when a glyceride'is heated in absence-of a solvent, one can use a temperature as high as 220 C. to 240 0., and speed up the reaction and increase the yield of amide. In any event, the temperature employed for amidification must'be below the pyrolytic point of the reactants. The passage of a dried inert-gas through the'reaction mass during amidification, hastens the reaetion,-and also tends to decrease any unreacted material. The completion of the reaction can bedetermined in any convenient manner; such as a titration test to determine elimination; or substantial reduction, in'the amount of basic amine present.

Reaction is generally complete within three hours, if higher temperatures are used, and even under conditions which cause the reaction to take place more slowly, reaction time need never exceed -20 hours. The use of some other equivalent rather than a fatty acid, involves conventional changes in the amidification procedure. For instance, the use of an ethyl ester results in the evolution or elimination of ethyl alcohol instead of water. Similarly, ricinoleoamide may be employed as an acylating agent with the evolution of ammonia. All such procedures are comparable with that employed for the acylation of somewhat similar cyclic amines having homocyclic radicals, for instance, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, etc. Sometimes amidification is conveniently conducted in the presence of an-inert solvent, for instance, xylene, which is permitted to distil off during the reaction and assists in the elimination of water. Xylene and water vapors are condensed, separated, and the xylene returned to the reaction chamber for reuse. Such inert solvent must be immiscible with the vapors being removed, for instance, water, and must be miscible with both reactants. Furthermore, it must be readily volatilized at a temperature below the pyrolytic point of the reactants. Such use is conventional in connection with esterification hereinafter-referred to. Any procedure employed must guard against loss of amine during amidfication, or else an excess of the amine must be employed and subsequently must be, recovered. If av glyceride is used, and in many ways this is the most desirable procedure, one must remove the glycerol formed by a salt water wash or the like.

1 Amps" 7 Example 2 g 1 pound mole of 2-propyl-5-methyl-5-amino- 1,-3-dioxane. issubstituted for 1 pound mole-of 2- propyl -5-hydroxy methyl-5-amino lfi-dioxan in the preceding Example 1.

'AMIDE n Example 3 I The same procedureis followed as in preceding'exampl'es, except that the raw material employed is 2-(3- hepty1) -5-methyl+5-amino-1,3-dioxane.

,Amnr:

Example 4 I h The same procedureis followed as inpreceding examples, except'that the raw material employed is 2-phenyl-5 methyl -'5- amino-1,3-dioxane.

AMIDE Example 5 The'same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-ethyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane.

Amos Example 6 The same procedure is followed as in preceding example, except that the raw material employed is 5-amino-2-:(3-amyl) -5-hydroxymethyl-l,3-dioxane. i I v Amer: Example 7 Thesame procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 'S-amino 2-hexyl-5 hydroxymethyl 1,3 dioxane. h Y

Amos

Example 8 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-amino-2-(3 heptyl) 5 -hydroxymethyl-1,3-

dioxane.

AMIDE Example 9 I Oleic acidolein or-oleyl chloride-is substituted for ricinoleic acid in Examples 1 to8, preceding.

Amen

Example 10 Laurie acid, laurin or lauryl chloride is substituted for ricinoleic acid in Examples 1 to 8,

preceding. 1

OXYALKYLATEYD 5-AMIN O-l,3-DIOXANlEl f Example 1 1 pound mole of 2-propyl-5-hydroxy-methyl- 5-amino-l,3-dioxane is oxyalkylated with 4 pound moles of ethylene oxide. The oxyethylation is conducted in a closed vessel a stepwise manner. 1. pound mole of ethylene oxide is addedto 1 pound mole of the aminodioxane; One-half of 1% of sodium methylateis added as a catalyst. The reaction takes place readily, particularly at temperatures moderately above the boiling point of water. For instance, C. If the reaction does not take place readily at this temperature, one may employ a somewhat higher temperature, for instance, between -150" C. In anyeven't,

it is best to conduct thereaction in such a manner that there is no pressure, due to unreacted ethylene oxide, or other bxylating'agent of morethan 200 pounds. This may be accomplished by using less ethyleneoxide, e. g.,;one-half poundmole for the firstportioninstead of one -mole'. "1--mole of ethylene oxide should be absorbed readily within 2-8 hours, when reaction is complete, as indicated by a drop in gauge pressure, due to the absorption of the ethylene oxide; a second portion of thereactant, for. instance, another .mole. of ethylene oxide, is. addedand reacted in the same manner. The same procedure is employed so as to introduce the third mole of ethylene oxide. Three moles of ethylene oxide per mole of aminodioxane should be introduced without difficulty in not over 24 hours, and in many instances, can be introduced in one-third such time. I Speed of reaction is-de'pendent, impart, on' effectiveness of stirring 'or' agitation; insofar that'the reaction may take place largely at interfacial surfaces.

o-XYALKYLATED -Aivimo-L3 -DIOXANE Exdmple 2 The seven other aminodioxanes specifically mentioned as reactants in Amide, Examples 2-8? inclusive, are substituted for Z-propyl-S-hydroxymethyI-S-amino-1,3-dioxane in Oxyalkylated 5- amino-1,3-dioxane, Example 1, preceding. OXYALKYLATED S-AMINO-LB-DIOXANE Example 3 The sameprocedure is followed 'as in Examples 1 and 2, immediately preceding, except that 8 moles of ethylene oxide are introduced per mole of aminodioxane instead of, 4 moles.

OxYALxYLATEn 5-;A rno- 1,3-DIoxANE. Example! 4 ples 1 and 2, immediately preceding, exceptth'at 12 moles of ethylene oxide are introduced per mole of aminodioxane instead of 4 moles.

OXYALKYLATED S-AMINO -IB DIOXANE Example .5 c U c The same procedure is employed as in Examples 1 to 4, immediatelypreceding, except that propylene oxide is substituted for ethylene oxide. Propylene oxide is less reactive than ethylene oxide, and it may be necessary to use a somewhat higher temperature of reaction and a somewhat longer period of reaction,- Such increases in temperature and time of reaction, as compared with ethylene oxide, are only'moderate. Even greater amounts of the alkylene oxide,- for instance, 18-24 moles per mole of amine, may be 'used. In the case of a hydroxylated amine, 24-36 molesmay be used. 7 N

Attention is directed to the fact that previous examples exemplifying amides or oxyalkylated aminodioxanes, represent intermediates. The remaining seriesof examples all representnew. compositions of matter. They are conveniently divided into three classes, to Wit: oxyalkylated amides, esters, and ester,amides. These sub divisionsare preserved in the subsequentsubjectmatter. for convenience. 3 55/ 1. v

OXYALKYLA'TED AMIl JE l (WWW L -1 pound mole of the amide derived from-the selected aminodio'xane, as described in .Arhide', Example. 1,1, preceding, is treated with oxy The same procedure is followed as in Exam- .a .ky tin v a en in t e s me ma n r a em oy r; the oxya k latio of m des derived from various primary, amines, suchas the amides of cyclo hexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, and various alkylamines having 6-10 carbon atoms, suchas octylamine. The oxyalkylation of high molal amides is well known and requires no elaboration. In general, the procedure which I prefer to em ploy. issubstantially that described in the oxyalkylation of. the: imamidified, 'aminodioxaiies in the precedingexamples,except that the temperature ofjoxyalkylation in the initial stages man; be sunicint' to insure that the amideji's a liquidjand particularly so when derived from high mdlaljs'aturated acids such as stearic acid. From 5; to ]1 2ri1ol'es of the alkylene oxide are per moleof'amideas' and as manyas 20 moles as "a maximum. If a hydroxylated amide, derived from a hydroxylated amineis used, or' 'in'othe'r instances, one may use 12 to 18 moles oftliealkylene oxide mole of amine. Even higher ratios may beemployed, if desired. n

introduction-of the oxyalkylene radical almost invariablyyields a more fluid product, i, e., afirqducth vm a lower melting p in h the temperature Jot reaction employed in oxyal lgylation can be reduced after the initial reac tion has taken place, i. e., after partial oxyalkylation.

:Therej s no objection to employing an inert S lvent during the early stages of oxyalkylation, although such solvent may cease tobe a solvent after partialoxyalkylation takes place, and thus, Q t b remo a at nor. c Yenleilee scribe, e later, S o l y io Such ee r nth eve t. w u d ve P 1 pose, because when removed,, the partially oxyalkylated mass should be substantially fluid, This is readilyunderstandable by reference to an analog y where a; solid such as lecithinisdis solved in xy e e, an sub e t d t t y a i nvAs lei eth lene; r eee th Product us comes xylenejnsoluble. Under such circumstances, it is generally better to remove thexylene be reproceeding with the furtheroxyethylation Qfihefiu d r va e. Orya k q o a i 'odi gxane can be; conducted, as a rule, withouta 0a t..., f-, e i fli. I Pr f bl o e o aye a catalyst present in the oxyalkylation otan amide. One-half of one percent of sodium m ethylateor other alkali will serve. The oxyalkylati'on of an amide may take considerably longer and, may talgedefinitely high temperatures of reac Asfar as practical, it is better to employ tea s b m sre an re su e a decr in connectio'n with the oxjyalkylation of the arm:- at ioxan'ea.as-previously described, except that the tir'ne of reaction; may be doubled or tripled. I'f, however, the reaction does not go rapidly enpug aunaer such circumstances, thenincreased temperatures short of a pyrolytic point maybe usedjbu't. the preference, particularly when employing'ethylene oxide, should not exceed 250-300 pounds. .fIt is again pointed out that this entire rgeedare i the one that is used inthe conventional oxyalkylation of amides, and may be varied to c'on'formito such procedure.

- L 'OxYALKxLaTEn Aivrnm' Jamm e The same procedure is employed as'in the oxyalkylation'of aminodioxane; except that as much as-18 to24moles=of the allg'ylene oxide rn'ayb'e' introduced per mole of amide.'-'---' P 4 OxYALKYLArEn AMIDE Example 3 Instead of employing an amide of the kind exemplified by Amide, Example 1, there is used instead amides exemplified by Examples 2 to 10, inclusive.

Esme

Example 1 absence of catalysts which usually are employed in esterification, such as benzene sulfonic acid, or the like, it is necessary to use a fairly high temperature, and generally speaking, one employs a temperature .just short of the pyrolytic point, For instance, from 185 C. to just short of 200 C. Even a higher temperature, for instance, 240-250 C., can be employed, provided there is no pyrolysis. If desired, the reaction can be hastened, and for that matter, conducted at a somewhat lower temperature by the use of an ester or amide as the acylating agent, and also by passage of a dried inert gas, such as nitrogen, through the reaction mass while subjected to constant agitation. The reaction is generally complete in 3-5 hours as a minimum period of time, and may take 12-18 hours, in some instances.

Esme

Example 2 Other oxyalkylated aminodioxanes, as described under the headings Oxyalkylated aminodioxanes, Examples 2 to 5 are substituted for the particular oxyalkylated aminodioxane de scribed in the preceding example.

ESTER AMIDE Example 1 1 pound mole of the oxyethylated amide obtained by oxyethylation of 1 pound mole of the amide derived by reaction between 1 pound mole of 5-amino-2-(3-amyl) -5-hydroxymethyl-l,3 dioxane and 1 pound mole of ricinoleic acid, followed by reaction with 6 pound moles of ethylene oxide, is reacted with 1 pound mole of oleyl chloride.

Esme AMmE Example 2 The same procedure is followed, except that lauryl chloride is substituted for oleyl chloride in Example 1, immediately preceding.

ESTER AMIDE Example 3 Ricinoleyl chloride is substituted for oleyl chloride.

ESTER AMIDE Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in the three examples immediately preceding, except that 5- amino-2-hexyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane and 5-amino-2-(3-heptyl) -5-hydroxymethyl 1,3 dioxaneare substituted for 5-amino-2- (3-amyl) -5- hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane.

The production or esters of higher fatty. acids by the use of the acyl chloride as a reactant is wellknown and requires no description, The same procedure is followed, as, for example, in the reaction between glycerol and oleyl chloride. If desired, esterification in the preceding examples may be conducted by means of the acids instead of the acyl chlorides, and may also be conducted in the presence of a conventional esterification catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, benzene sulfonic acid, or any hydrochloric acid gas. Oxyalkylated amides of the kind described seem to esterify a little less readily than the usual alcohols. However, any conventional procedure can be employed, andparticularly, one may employ the use of an inert solvent, such as xylene, in the manner previously mentioned in regard to amidification. The temperature of esterification is not determined by the presence of an inert solvent, such as xylene, and may vary between -180 C., or even higher. Time of esterification may vary from 3-30 hours. Procedure has already been indicated for hastening esterification reactions. See U. S. Patents Nos. 2,075,107, dated March 30, 1937, to Frazier, and 2,264,759, dated December 2, 1941, to Jones.

Incidentally, it is obvious that certain variants may be employed, without detracting from the general nature of the compounds herein described. For instance, the selected aminodioxane might be treated with a low molal carboxy acid having less than seven carbon atoms, such as acetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, etc. 1 The amide of the low molal acids so obtained could be subjected to oxyalkylation, and then subsequent to esterification, with a high molal carboxy acid in the manner described. Similarly, the aminodioxane, and especially the examples in which there is no hydroxymethyl group, could be subjected to the action of any conventional alkylating agent, such as an alkyl halide, benzyl chloride, methyl sulfate, or the like, so as to produce a secondary amine. Such secondary amine could be subjected to exy-' alkylation in the manner, as previously described, and subsequently esterified with a high molal acid. Similarly, an amide derived from aminodioxane having a hydroxymethyl group might be subjected to treatment in the manner described in U. S. Patent No. 2,151,788, dated March 28, 1939, to Mauersberger.

In certain of the types of compounds previously described, there is noacyl radical directly attached to the amino nitrogen atom. Such products shcwtbasicity comparable to triethanolamine or esterified triethanolamine, or th'e esters of oxyethylated triethanolamine. Where such basicity exists, obviously the product can be used in the form of a. salt, as well as in the form of the free base, or hydrate, i. e., combination with Water. Salts of lactic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, etc., are particularly valuable for various purposes hereinafter indicated.

- As far as I am aware, theamides and oxyalkylated derivatives herein described, are useful not only as intermediates, as in the instant case, butalso may be used as demulsifiers for waterin-oil emulsions, and as a break inducer in doctor treatment of the kind intended to sweeten sour gasoline. However, they are not nearly as effective for the purpose as the new compositions of matter herein claimed. Such simple compounds are not claimed as such, or'for the uses indicated in the hereto attached claims.

Purely by way of illustration, although the previous descriptive matter has clearly indicated the nature of the reactants and compounds, the following formulas are included. All the various radicals indicated by R, R and B have their previous significance. The ethylene radical may be replaced by propylene, hydroxypropylene, butylene, etc.

In all the above n varies from 3 to12', or even 20. Examples ofpolybasic carboxy'acids or-anhyrdride's suitable for use in'th'e manufacture of the new 'demulsi'fier hereindescribed, are maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride; citric'acid, citraconic acid, etc. Other suitable polyba'sic carboxy acids may be prepared by the diene synthesis, which involves condensation of alpha-beta unsaturated acids, or anh'ydrides with compounds containing conjugated double bonds. Fo'rexample, the condensation of maleic anhydride with alpha-terpinene yields a dicarboxy acid which is perfectly suitable for use in the manufactureof the demulsifiers contemplated herein. Otherpolycarboxy acids may be prepared similarly by'the diene synthesis reaction involvingthe condensation of an alpha-beta unsaturated monocarboxy acid with a carboxy acid containing a conjugated double bond. For example, crotonic acid may be condensed with abietic acid, which contains a, conjugated double bond, to yield a dicarboxy acid suitable for use in the manufacture of the demulsifiers contemplatedherein. Another variant is the resultant obtained by reaction between maleic anhydride or the like, and an unsaturated material, particularly a fatty acid or glyceride, which does not contain a conjugated ethylene linkage. Such product may be monoethylenic, as in .the case of oleic acid or olein, or may be polyethylenic, as in the case of linoleic acid or linolein. In the latter case, the double bonds are of the isolated typ My preferred reagent is selected from one of the various types in which there is present a basic amino nitrogen atom. The expression basic amino nitrogen atom is used in its conventional sense.

Unsaturated groups, or negative groups, if substituted for onemore oi the hydrogens on ammonia, reduce the basicity of the nitrogen atom to a remarkable degree. In general, the presence of one negative group linked on the nitrogen is sufficient to destroy the ordinary basic properties. (Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Richter, 2nd edition, page'253.)

Reference to an amine and amino compound is intended to include the salts and the anhydro base, as well as the hydrated base, since both obviously are present when a water-containing emulsion is treated with an amine or amino compound.

In an aqueous solution of the amine the anhydro base, R-NHz, the hydrated base, RNH3'OH,- and the two ions are'all present. Richter, v. s., page 252.

In the hereto appended claims reference to radicals derived from oleiine oxides is intended to include glycid. In other words, in the case of propylene oxide, it is intended that hydroxypropylene oxidebe included. 1

Materials of-the kind herein contemplated are useful as'wetting, detergent, and leveling agents in the laundry, textile, and dyeing industry; as wetting agents and detergents in the acid washing of fruit, in the acid washing or building stone and brick; 'as a wetting agent and spreader in the application of asphalt in road building and the like; as a constituent of soldering flux preparations; as a flotation reagent in the-flotation separation of various minerals; for flocculation and coagulation of various aqueous suspensions con-v taining negatively charged particlessuch as sew-- age, coal washing waste water, and various trade, wastes, and the like; as germicides, insecticides, emulsifiers for cosmetics, spray oils, water-repellent textile finish, etc'., these uses are by no means exhaustive.

However, the most important phase of the present invention, as far as industrial application goes, is concerned with the use of the-materials previously described, as demulsifiers for waterin-oil emulsions, and more specifically, emulsions of water or brine in crude petroleum.

I have found that the chemical compounds herein described, which are particularly desirable for use as demulsifiers, may also be used as a break inducer in doctor treatment of the kind intended to sweeten gasoline. (See U. S. Patent No. 2,157,223, dated May 9, 1939, to Sutton.)

Chemical compounds of the kind herein described are also of value as surface tension depressants i the acidization of calcareous oil-. bearing strata by means of strong mineral acid;

such as hydrochloric acid. Similarly, some mem-'- bers are effective assurface tension depressants, or wetting agents, in the flooding of exhausted oil-bearing strata. As to using compounds of the kind herein described as flooding agents for recovering oil from ubterranean strata, reference is made to the procedure described in detail in U. S. Patent No; 2,226,119, dated December 24, 1940, toDe Groote & Keiser. As to using compounds of the kind herein described as demulsifie'rs, or in particular as surface tension depressants, in combination with mineral acid or acidization of oil-bearing strata, reference is made to U. S.-Patent No.j 2,233,383, dated February 25, 1941, to De Grooteftz Keiser. I

Conventional demulsifying agents employed in the treatment of oil field emulsions are used as such, or after dilution with any suitable solvent, such as water; petroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, kerosene, stove oil; a coal tar product, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tar acid oil, cresol, anthracene oil, etc. Alcohols, particularly aliphatic alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, denatured alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, etc., may be employed as diluents. Miscellaneous solvents, such as pine oil, carbon tetrachloride, sulfur dioxide extract obtained in the refining of petroleum, etc., may be employed as diluents. Similarly, the material or materials herein described, may be admixed with one or more of the solvents customarily used in connection with conventional demulsifying agents. Moreover, said material or materials may be used alone, or in admixture with other suitable well known classes of demulsifying agents.

It is well known that conventional demulsifying agents may be used in a water-soluble form, or in an oil-soluble form, or in a form exhibiting both oil and water solubility. Sometimes they may be used in a form which exhibits relatively limited oil solubility. However, since such reagents are sometimes used in a ratio of 1 to 10,000, or 1 to 20,000, or even 1 to 30,000, or even 1 to 40,000, or 1 to 50,000, in desalting practice, such an apparent insolubility in oil and water is not significant, because said reagents undoubtedly have solubility within the concentration employed. This same fact is true in regard to the material or materials herein described.

I desire to point out that the superiority of the new demulsifier herein described is based upon its ability to treat certain emulsions more advantageously and at a somewhat lower cost than is possible with other available demulsifiers, or conventional mixtures thereof. It is believed that it will find comparatively limited application, so far as the majority of oil field emulsions are concerned; but I have found that such a demulsifying a ent has commercial value, as it will economically break or resolve oil field emulsions in a number of cases which cannot be treated as easily or at so low a cost with the demulsifying agents heretofore available.

The dernulsifier herein contemplated may be employed in connection with what is commonly known as do wn-the-hole procedure, 1. e., bringing the demulsifier in contact with the fluids of.

strata, especially if suspended in or dissolved in the acid employed for acidification.

:A somewhat analogous use of my new. demulsifying agent, is the removal of a residual mud sheath which remains after drilling a well by the rotary method. Sometimes the drilling mud contains added calcium carbonate, or the like, to render the mud susceptible to reaction with by drochloric acid or the like, and thus expedite its removal; The new compounds herein described "are of utility, not only for the purposes specifically enumerated in detail, but also find application in various other industries. processes, and for various uses where wetting agents of the conventional typeare used. As to some of such additional uses which" are well known, see' The Expanding Application of Wetting Agents, Chemical Industries, vol. 48, page 324 (1941) Re-examination of the preceding data as to the structure and composition of the herein contemplated demulsifiers, indicates that the molecular weights may vary within the range from 4.31, in the case of the octenoic amide of 5-ethyl-5-aminc-1,3-dioxane, which has been treated with 3 moles of ethylene oxide, to 5 or 10 times such values.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A new composition of matter, comprising an acylated and oxyalkylated derivative of 5-amino- 1,3-dioxanes; said amino-dioxanes having the structural formula:

wherein R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alpha-hydroxyalkyl, R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; said acylated and oxyalkylated aminodioxane derivatives being selected from the class consisting of oxyalkylated amides of the formula:

oxyethylated esters of the formula:

R CH(R')O H n' Zn') n" and oxyethylated esteramides of the formula:

n CH(R)O n in which R and R have their prior significance, and RzCO is the acyl radical of a detergent-forming monocarboxy acid having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms and n represents the numerals 2 to 10 and n" represents the numerals 3 to 20.

2. The composition of matter described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is a higher fatty acid acyl radical.

3. The composition of matter described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is a higher fatty acid radical having 18 carbon atoms. I

'4. The composition of matter described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is an unsaturated higher fatty acid acyl radical having 18 carbon atoms. 5. Thecomposition of matter. described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is an unsaturated higher fatty acid 'acyl radical having 18 carbon atoms and wherein n is at least -2 and not over 4. l

6. The composition of matter described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is an unsaturated higher fatty acid acyl radical having 18 canbon atoms and wherein nis at least 2 and not over 4 and at- -least oneoccurrence of. R00 being part of an amide radical. 7. The composition of matter described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is an unsaturatedhigher fatty acid acyl radical having 18 carbon atoms and wherein n is at least 2 and not over 4 and at least one occurrence of RCO being part of an ester radical.

8. The composition of matter described in claim 1, wherein RC0 is an unsaturated higher fatty acid acyl radical having 18 carbon atoms and wherein n is at least 2 and not over 4 and at least one occurrence of RCO being part of an ester radical and at least one occurrence of RCO being part of an amide radical.

9. In the method of manufacturing the new composition of matter described in claim 1, the step of oxyalkylating an aminodioxane, followed by the step of acylating said oxyalkylated aminodioxane.

MELVIN DE GROOTE. 

